Nightshade

Modified food starch

Could be potato-derived (potato is a nightshade).

"Starch" (without a source qualifier)

Could be potato starch.

"Spices" and "seasoning" — the spices loophole

Paprika, cayenne, chili, and bell pepper are nightshades and commonly bundled under "spices."

"Natural flavors" and "natural flavor"

Tomato, pepper, and paprika extracts are commonly used.

Vegetable broth and vegetable stock

Tomato content is common but undisclosed.

Maltodextrin

Could be potato-derived (a nightshade). Source not required to be disclosed.

Lycopene, paprika oleoresin, capsicum oleoresin (nightshade color additives)

All three are nightshade-derived. Often used in processed cheeses, meat products, snack seasonings, and dietary supplements as a natural coloring — common surprise source for nightshade-avoiding users.